WiFi Overview & Global Hotspot & P-WLAN Finder (802.11b, 802.11g and 802.11a)

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What is WiFi?

-> See: Emirates Airline to launch WiFi via Inmarsat onboard its aircraft

WiFi is a Wireless Local Area Network that enable computers like PDAs and Laptops, and PCs to send and receive data indoors and out—anywhere within the range of a wireless base station, commonly known as a Hotspot.

Hotspots are places where you can access Wi-Fi service, for free or for a fee. Hotspots can be found in airport lounges, coffee shops, corporate cafeterias or any other meeting area within range of a wireless LAN base station.

To use a hotspot, your computer must be configured with a Wi-Fi-CERTIFIED radio, such as an external PC card or an integrated wireless LAN capability, as available with on laptops with Intel Centrino chipsets. You will also need to choose a wireless service provider, which works like an ISP to provide wireless Internet access for a fee-often at T1 speeds.

There are thousands of hotspots all over the world—and more are being added every day. Many hotspots are identified with a wireless service provider's logo.

There are a few WLAN standards, the newest ones being backwards compatible to older standards.

These are defined by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE): 802.11b, 802.11g and 802.11a. Most Hotspots use 802.11b.

The WLAN standards were started with the 802.11 standard, developed in 1997 by the IEEE. This base standard allowed data transmission of up to 2 Mbps. Over time, this standard has been enhanced. These extensions are recognized by the addition of a letter to the original 802.11 standard, including 802.11a and 802.11b.

The 802.11b specification was ratified by the IEEE in July 1999 and operates at radio frequencies in the 2.4 to 2.497 GHz bandwidth of the radio spectrum. The modulation method selected for 802.11b is known as complementary direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) using complementary code keying (CCK) making data speeds as high as 11 Mbps. The 802.11a specification was also ratified in July 1999, but products did not become available until 2001 so it isn't as widely deployed as 802.11b. 802.11a operates at radio frequencies between 5.15 and 5.875 GHz and a modulation scheme known as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) makes data speeds as high as 54 Mbps possible.

IEEE sets the standard, but does not ensure compliance to the standard nor does it ensure interoperability between different manufacturers' products.

The wireless standard you choose depends on application requirements and your usage patterns. The table below summarizes the differentiating features of each standard. The most common and prevalent wireless networking products are compatible with the 802.11b standard, working in the 2.4 GHz band with a data-transfer rate of up to 11Mbps.

 

Standard 802.11b 802.11g 802.11a
  Available RF channels     3 non-overlapping     3 non-overlapping     8 non-overlapping (4 non-overlapping in some countries)  
  Frequency band     2.4 GHz     2.4 GHz     5 GHz  
  Maximum data rate/channel     11 Mbps     54 Mbps     54 Mbps  
  Typical range

 
    100 ft at 11 Mbps
300 ft at 1 Mbps

 
    50 ft at 54 Mbps
150 ft at 11 Mbps

 
    40 ft at 54 Mbps
300 ft at 6 Mbps

 
 

Intel® Centrino™ mobile technology features single (802.11b) and dual (802.11a/b) band Wi-Fi CERTIFIED* wireless LAN capabilities, and will also work with Wi-Fi CERTIFIED* 802.11g access points.

 

802.11 The original WLAN Standard. Supports 1 Mbps to 2 Mbps.
802.11a High speed WLAN standard for 5 Ghz band. Supports 54 Mbps.
I802.11b WLAN standard for 2.4 Ghz band. Supports 11 Mbps.
802.11e Address quality of service requirements for all IEEE WLAN radio interfaces.
802.11f Defines inter-access point communications to facilitate multiple vendor-distributed WLAN networks.
802.11g Establishes an additional modulation technique for 2.4 Ghz band. Intended to provide speeds up to 54 Mbps.
802.11h Defines the spectrum management of the 5 Ghz band for use in Europe and in Asia Pacific.
802.11i Address the current security weaknesses for both authentication and encryption protocols. The standard encompasses 802.1X, TKIP, and AES protocols.

 

Find WiFi (802.11a/b/g) hotspots and Public WLAN coverage throughout South Africa & Africa

 
  http://www.cellular.co.za


 

 



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